Hindi varnamala (हिंदी वर्णमाला): स्वर and व्यंजन
The Hindi varnamala (वर्णमाला) has two parts: स्वर, the vowels, and व्यंजन, the consonants. Class 1 children learn to recognise, say and write every letter, usually with a picture word: अ से अनानास, क से कमल.
Teach a few letters at a time, in the order of the chart. The व्यंजन come in rows of five (क ख ग घ ङ) that are said from the same part of the mouth, which helps children say them correctly.
Download the free PDF · Practise Hindi letters online
हिंदी वर्णमाला: Hindi alphabet: स्वर and व्यंजन with picture words
स्वर (Vowels)
- अ – अनानास
- आ – आम
- इ – इमारत
- ई – ईंट
- उ – उल्लू
- ऊ – ऊन
- ऋ – ऋषि
- ए – एड़ी
- ऐ – ऐनक
- ओ – ओखली
- औ – औरत
- अं – अंगूर
- अः – दुःख (बीच में)
व्यंजन (Consonants): क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग
- क – कमल
- ख – खरगोश
- ग – गमला
- घ – घर
- ङ – अङ्ग (बीच में)
- च – चम्मच
- छ – छाता
- ज – जहाज़
- झ – झंडा
- ञ – पञ्च (बीच में)
ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग
- ट – टमाटर
- ठ – ठेला
- ड – डिब्बा
- ढ – ढोल
- ण – बाण (अंत में)
- त – तरबूज
- थ – थैला
- द – दरवाज़ा
- ध – धनुष
- न – नल
- प – पतंग
- फ – फूल
- ब – बकरी
- भ – भालू
- म – मछली
य र ल व, श ष स ह
- य – योग
- र – रथ
- ल – लट्टू
- व – वन
- श – शेर
- ष – षट्कोण
- स – सेब
- ह – हाथी
संयुक्त व्यंजन
- क्ष – कक्षा (बीच में)
- त्र – त्रिशूल
- ज्ञ – ज्ञान
How to use this chart at home
- Point to a letter, say it with its word ("क से कमल") and ask your child to repeat.
- Write the letter big in the air with a finger, then on paper; start every letter from the top line (शिरोरेखा).
- Play "find the letter": name a letter and let your child find it on the chart.
- Pairs that look alike need extra time: ब and व, घ and ध, ड and ङ, भ and म.
- ङ, ञ and ण do not start common words, so the chart shows them inside a word (अङ्ग, पञ्च, बाण). Today अङ्ग is usually written अंग.
Practice
- How many स्वर are there?
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13: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः - Which letter comes after क?
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ख - Say a word that starts with म.
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मछली, माला, मोर (any correct word) - Which of these is a स्वर: ग, ई, ट?
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ई - What are क्ष, त्र and ज्ञ?
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संयुक्त व्यंजन: letters made of two consonants joined (क + ष, त + र, ज + ञ).
Lessons on MangoMindz
- Class 1 Hindi: स्वर पहचान: Free picture lessons and a quiz
- Class 1 Hindi: व्यंजन पहचान: Free picture lessons and a quiz
- Parent guide: Hindi matras for kids
More printable charts
- Hindi Matras: Every मात्रा with its name, its form on क and a word built letter by letter.
- Rhyming Words: 30 English word families and 15 Hindi तुकांत sets.
- Number Names 1–100: Every number from 1 to 100 in English and Hindi, with अंक.
- All free printable charts: Tables 1–20, number names, Hindi and English charts
Frequently asked questions
How many letters are in the Hindi varnamala?
Children learn 13 स्वर and 33 व्यंजन, plus the three joined letters क्ष, त्र and ज्ञ, so the chart shows 49 letters. (Some charts count 11 स्वर because अं and अः are marks rather than full vowels, and some add श्र, ड़ and ढ़.)
In which order should a child learn the letters?
स्वर first (अ to अः), then व्यंजन row by row from क. Teach each letter with one picture word, and write it the same day.
Is this chart free to print?
Yes. Download the free two-page A4 PDF or use Print: स्वर and the first व्यंजन on page 1, the rest of the व्यंजन on page 2.