✖️ Multiplication

What your child will learn

• Students will be able to describe equal groups as repeated addition and as a multiplication sentence using ×.
• Students will be able to use arrays to show a multiplication and to see that 3 × 4 and 4 × 3 give the same product.
• Students will be able to construct and recall the multiplication tables of 2, 5 and 10, and use their patterns.
• Students will be able to construct and recall the tables of 3 and 4, and build the tables of 6, 7, 8 and 9 from known facts (doubling, adding one more group).
• Students will be able to multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number by splitting into tens and ones, with products up to 999.
• Students will be able to solve equal-groups word problems, including rate and cost problems, and choose multiplication over addition when groups are equal.

Lessons in this unit

1. Equal groups and repeated addition: Recognise equal groups in pictures, write them as repeated addition, then as a multiplication sentence with ×.
2. Arrays and turning them around: Arrange objects in rows and columns, read an array both ways (rows × columns and columns × rows) and see that the product stays the same.
3. Tables of 2, 5 and 10: Build the tables of 2, 5 and 10 by skip counting and arrays, spot their patterns (evens; ending in 0 or 5; ending in 0) and practise quick recall up to ×10.
4. Tables of 3 and 4, then 6 to 9: Build the full tables of 3 and 4 with arrays. Then find a few facts from the tables of 6, 7, 8 and 9 by doubling a known table or adding one more group; the full tables of 6 to 9 are not taught here. Products stay at or below 100.
5. Multiplying a two-digit number: Multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number by splitting it into tens and ones (23 × 4 = 20 × 4 + 3 × 4), first with blocks, then in a simple grid, with products up to 999.
6. Story sums with multiplication: Solve equal-groups and price problems (cost of many at a fixed price each), decide between adding and multiplying, and write a sentence answer. Include one problem where multiplication is followed by addition.

Key words

multiply / times

Add the same number again and again. 3 × 4 means 3 groups of 4.

equal groups

Groups that all have the same number in them.

array

Objects arranged in neat rows and columns, like eggs in a tray.

product

The answer when we multiply.

table

The list of a number's multiples: 5, 10, 15, 20 ...

double

Two times a number.

Help your child at home

What to watch for

3 × 4 means 3 + 4.

Help: 3 × 4 is 3 groups of 4: 4 + 4 + 4. Count the laddoos: 12, not 7.

3 × 4 and 4 × 3 are different sums with different answers.

Help: Turn the tray. Same eggs, same total: 12 either way.

Skipping a step when reciting: 5, 10, 20, 25 ...

Help: Count the hands as you say the table: each hand adds exactly 5.

Tables must be recited from the start; a fact in the middle cannot be found alone.

Help: Use a fact you know: 6 × 7 = 42, so 7 × 7 = 42 + 7 = 49.

Try this at home

• 3 plates × 4 laddoos → 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 → 3 × 4 = 12
• 3 rows of 4 eggs → 3 × 4 = 12; turn tray → 4 × 3 = 12
• Build the 5s table with hands
• Build 4s from 2s by doubling

Quick questions to ask aloud

1. There are 3 plates. Each plate has 4 laddoos. Which sentence matches this story? (3 × 4 = 12 / 3 + 4 = 7 / 4 × 4 = 16)
   Show answer

   3 groups of 4 is 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. We write it as 3 × 4 = 12.
2. An egg tray has 3 rows with 4 eggs in each row. How many eggs are in the tray?
   Show answer

   3 rows of 4: skip count 4, 8, 12. So 3 × 4 = 12 eggs.
3. 7 × 5 = ?
   Show answer

   Count 7 hands of 5 fingers: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35. So 7 × 5 = 35.

Parent guide: how to help your child with Class 3 Maths

Free printable charts

• Table of 3: 3 × 1 to 3 × 12, a quick trick and practice. (Class 3 · ages 8–9, free PDF)
• Table of 4: 4 × 1 to 4 × 12, a quick trick and practice. (Class 3 · ages 8–9, free PDF)

All free printable charts

Frequently asked questions

What will my child learn in "Multiplication" (Class 3 Maths)?

Your child will be able to: describe equal groups as repeated addition and as a multiplication sentence using ×.; use arrays to show a multiplication and to see that 3 × 4 and 4 × 3 give the same product.; construct and recall the multiplication tables of 2, 5 and 10, and use their patterns.; construct and recall the tables of 3 and 4, and build the tables of 6, 7, 8 and 9 from known facts (doubling, adding one more group).; multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number by splitting into tens and ones, with products up to 999.; solve equal-groups word problems, including rate and cost problems, and choose multiplication over addition when groups are equal..

How does MangoMindz teach "Multiplication"?

In 6 short parts (Equal groups and repeated addition, Arrays and turning them around, Tables of 2, 5 and 10, Tables of 3 and 4, then 6 to 9, Multiplying a two-digit number, Story sums with multiplication). Each part has a picture-based lesson read aloud by Mango Teacher, a quick check, and a quiz built from common mistakes children make, with Mango, a study buddy, for questions.

How long does "Multiplication" take?

About 190 minutes in total, spread over 6 parts of 15–25 minutes each.

How can I help my child with "Multiplication" at home?

Work through a small example together, such as: 3 plates × 4 laddoos → 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 → 3 × 4 = 12; 3 rows of 4 eggs → 3 × 4 = 12; turn tray → 4 × 3 = 12. Then ask a quick question aloud: There are 3 plates. Each plate has 4 laddoos. Which sentence matches this story? (3 × 4 = 12 / 3 + 4 = 7 / 4 × 4 = 16)

What mistakes do children often make in "Multiplication"?

3 × 4 means 3 + 4. Fix: 3 × 4 is 3 groups of 4: 4 + 4 + 4. Count the laddoos: 12, not 7. 3 × 4 and 4 × 3 are different sums with different answers. Fix: Turn the tray. Same eggs, same total: 12 either way. Skipping a step when reciting: 5, 10, 20, 25 ... Fix: Count the hands as you say the table: each hand adds exactly 5.

Is "Multiplication" free on MangoMindz?

Yes. Every lesson part and quiz in "Multiplication" is free on MangoMindz, with no ads.